Natural Sciences for the Humanist (28 hours)

1. Astronomy (5 hours)

• Astrophysics
• Cosmology
• Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• Galactic Astronomy
• The Solar System
• Stellar Astronomy
• Stellar Evolution
• Star Formation

2. Biology (6 hours)

• Biochemistry, Cells, and the Genetic Code
• Evolution
• Diversity and Continuity
• Adapting to Change
• Interactions: Groups and Environment
• The Structure of Life
• The Classification of Life

3. Chemistry (6 hours)

• History of Chemistry
• Chemical Phenomena
• Nomenclature
• Atoms
• Elements
• Molecules
• Ions
• Substance
• Bonding
• States of Matter
• Chemical Reactions
• Chemical Laws

4. Physics (6 hours)

• Central Theories of Physics
• Major Fields of Physics
• Theoretical and Experimental Physics
• History of Physics
• Future Directions in Physics

5. Earth Sciences (5 hours)

• Geology
• Soil Science
• Oceanography
• Glaciology
• Atmospheric Sciences
• Mineralogy
• Meteorology
• Climatology
• Atmospheric Chemistry

Mathematics for the Humanist (9 hours)

1. Statistics (3 hours)

• Conceptual Overview
• Experimental and Observational Methods
• Levels of Measurement
• Statistical Techniques
• Specialized Fields and Disciplines

2. Probability Theory (3 hours)

• History of Probability
• Gambling
• Representation and Interpretation of Probability Values
• Distributions
• Applications in Everyday Life

3. Logic and Proof Theory (3 hours)

• Axioms
• Rules of Inference
• Philosophical Logic
• Formal and Informal Proof
• Deduction

Law for the Humanist (10 hours)

1. Canon law (1 hour)

• Catholic Church
• Orthodox Churches

2. Common law (3 hours)

• Contract Law
• Tort Law
• Property Law
• Wills and Trusts
• Criminal Law
• Common Law as Opposed to Regulatory Law or Statutory Law

3. Constitutional Law (3 hours)

• The Constitution of Governments
• The Magna Carta
• The Constitution of the United States
• British Constitutional Law
• European Community Law
• The Investment of Authority

4. Civil Law (3 hours)

• Overview
• History
• Civil Law vs. Common Law

Social Sciences (306 hours)

1. Anthropology (10 hours)

• Physical Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Ethnology

2. Communication (6 hours)

• Forms of Communication
• Communication Technology
• Communication Barriers

3. Economics (40 hours)

• Macroeconomics and Microeconomics: Definitions and Examples
• GNP and GDP
• Definitions of Economics: Wealth, Welfare, Scarcity
• National Income
• Inflation
• Interest Rates and Monetary Policy
• Fiscal and Monetary Policy
• Employment and Unemployment
• General Equilibrium
• Supply and Demand
• Mercantilism
• Protectionism
• Fiscalism
• Monetarism
• The Chicago School
• Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand
• Classical Economics
• Marxian Economics
• Keynesian Economics
• Neoclassical Economics
• Post-Keynesian Economics
• The Austrian School
• International Trade
• Balance of Payments

4. History (120 hours)

4.1. Prehistoric Civilizations and Migratory Movements (3 hours)

• The Neolithic Revolution
• Indo-European People
• The Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age

4.2. Early Civilizations (3 hours)

• Sumer, Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent
• Egypt and the Nile
• The Indus Valley
• China: the Yellow River
• Mycenaean Greece

4.3. Early Mediterranean Cultures (2 hours)

• Phoenicia
• Greece
• The Etruscans and Early Romans
• Carthage and Pre-Roman Spain
• Pre-Roman Mediterranean Trade

4.4. The Golden Age of Ancient Greece (4 hours)

• The Rise of Greece
• The Greek City Status
• The Persian Wars
• Athenian Culture
• Spartan Culture
• Other Greek Cultures
• The Peloponnesian War
• The Decline of Classical Greece and the Rise of Macedon

4.5. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Culture (3 hours)

• Alexander’s Youth and Education
• Alexander’s Campaigns in Greece
• Alexander’s Campaigns in Asia
• Alexander’s Empire and its Breakup

4.6. Hellenism and its Influence on History (1 hour)

• Hellenistic Greece
• The Influence of Hellenism on History

4.7. The Roman Republic (4 hours)

• The Myth of Aeneas
• Romulus and Remus and the Founding of Rome
• Roman Kings and Etruscan Competition
• The Republic and its Organization
• Roman Laws and Public Life
• Early Roman Conquests
• The Punic Wars
• The Gracchi Brothers and Social Reform
• Marius and Sulla
• Pompey, his Campaigns, and his Influence
• Cicero and Other Leaders of the Late Republic
• Julius Caesar the Man and his Timeline
• Julius Caesar the Politician
• Julius Caesar the General
• The First Triumvirate
• Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul
• The Second Civil War
• The Assassination of Caesar
• The Second Triumvirate
• Marc Anthony the Man and his Timeline
• Octavian the Man
• Anthony and Cleopatra
• The Defeat of Anthony and Cleopatra and the Establishment of the Roman Empire

4.8. The Origins and Growth of Early Christianity (2 hours)

• Judea at the Time of Jesus of Nazareth
• The Life of Jesus of Nazareth
• The Basic Message of Christianity Before Paul
• The Conversion of Paul
• Jews and Gentiles
• The Council of Nicaea
• The Beginning of Christian Influence on Western History

4.9. The Roman Empire (4 hours)

• The Age of Augustus (31 BC – AD 14)
• The Julio-Claudian Dynasty (AD 14-69)
• The Flavian Dynasty (69 – 96)
• The Antonine Dynasty (96 – 180)
• The Severan Dynasty (193 – 235)
• The Crisis of the Third Century (235 – 284)
• The Empire after Constantine (337 – 395)
• The Valentinian Dynasty (367 – 395)
• The Fall of the Western Empire (395 – 476)
• The Fall of the Eastern Empire (395 - 1461)
• The Legacy of the Roman Empire

4.10. The Middle Ages (5 hours)

• The Early Middle Ages

- The New Order
- Post-Roman Empire Europe
- The Carolingian Dynasty and Renaissance
- The Birth and Expansion of Islam

• The High Middle Ages

- The Crusades
- New Technologies: Gunpowder, Silk, Glasses, the Compass
- Religious Orders
- The Influence of Islam
- The Mongol Invasions
- The Spanish Reconquest (1)
- The Jews in the High Middle Age

• The Late Middle Ages

- The Little Ice Age
- The Black Death
- The Roots of Capitalism
- Guilds
- The Spanish Reconquest (2)
- The Great Schism
- The Hundred Years’ War
- The Jews in the Late Middle Age

4.11. The Renaissance (3 hours)

• The Essence and Importance of the Renaissance
• Precursors of the Renaissance
• Humanism
• The Italian Renaissance
• The Spreading of the Renaissance

4.12. The Reformation (3 hours)

• Roots and Precursors
• Humanism to Protestantism
• Martin Luther
• Lutheranism
• The Council of Trent and the Counter-Reformation
• Henry XIII and the Church of England
• John Calvin and Calvinism
• The Protestant Ethic and the Impact of the Reformation

4.13. The Great European Explorations and Their Consequences (2 hours)

• Portugal: Africa, India, and the Far East
• Spain: The New World
• Dutch and English Exploration and Settlement
• A Shift in the Centre of the World
• The Beginnings of Imperialism

4.14. The Elizabethan Era (2 hours)

• Queen Elizabeth
• Religion Under Elizabeth
• Military Achievements as Precursors to Empire
• The Flowering of a Culture and a People as Precursors to Empire
• The Legacy of Elizabeth I

4.15. 17th Century Europe (3 hours)

• Great Britain: The Stuarts, Civil War, Restoration, Revolution
• France and Louis XIV
• Sweden, Russia, and the Baltic
• Louis XIV, Peter the Great, Marlborough, and Sweden’s Charles XII
• The Collapse of Spain
• The War of the Spanish Succession: A New European Order

4.16. The Scientific Revolution (2 hours)

• Early and Medieval View of Science
• Francis Bacon
• Copernicus and Tycho Brahe
• Kepler and Galileo
• Descartes and Newton
• The Influence of the Scientific Revolution on Modern History

4.17. The Ottoman Empire (2 hours)

• Origins
• Rise (1299 – 1453)
• Growth (1453 – 1683)
• Stagnation (1683 – 1827)
• Decline (1828 – 1908)
• Dissolution (1908 – 1922)

4.18. The Enlightenment and Pre-Revolutionary Europe (3 hours)

• Royalty in 18th Century Europe
• English and the Promotion of Capitalism
• The Advancement of Science Throughout Europe
• The Questioning of Kings and Christianity
• Voltaire
• The Worship of Reason
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Prelude to the French Revolution

4.19. The French Revolution (1 hour)

• The Causes
• Brief Review of Events
• The Reign of Terror
• The Directory
• Influence on History and Lessons Learned

4.20. The Napoleonic Period (3 hours)

• Europe on the Eve of Napoleon
• Napoleon’s Ascent
• Napoleon Himself
• The Napoleonic Wars
• Europe on the Demise of Napoleón

4.21. The United States up to and Including the American Civil War (3 hours)

• The Reasons for Revolution
• The Declaration of Independence: The Text and its Importance in History
• The Articles of Confederation and Their Weakness
• The American Constitution
• Jefferson and America’s Westward Decision
• The Monroe Doctrine
• The Agrarian South and the Industrial North
• Slavery, Tariffs, States’ Rights, Central Authority
• Causes of the American Civil War
• The Importance of the American Civil War

4.22. The Industrial Revolution (2 hours)

• Causes
• Innovations
• Social Effects
• Capitalism
• Reactions to the Industrial Revolution: Marxism, the Romantic Movement
• The Second Industrial Revolution

4.23. The Appearance and Growth of Ideologies (2 hour)

• Class Struggle Ideologies: Marxism, Socialism, Anarchism, Communism
• Ideologies Emphasizing the Individual: Liberalism, Capitalism
• Darwinism and Social Darwinism
• Social Movements and Unionism
• Nationalism and Fascism

4.24. Victorian England and Empire (2 hours)

• The Pax Britannica
• Bismarck and the Power of Prussia
• The Unification of Germany
• New Imperialism: Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States
• Imperial Rivalry
• Theories of New Imperialism

4.25. Industrialization and Nation Building (2 hour)

• Economic Growth Prior to World War I
• International Trade Prior to World War I
• The Growth of Japan Prior to World War I
• Colonialism, Imperialism, and War
• Rivalry Between Nations and War Mobilization

4.26. World War I and its Consequences (2 hours)

• Causes
• The Events of the War
• The World Order Prior to and Subsequent to World War I
• The Death of Four Dynasties and Empires
• Lenin, the Bolshevik Revolution, and the Consolidation of Soviet Russia
• Post World War I: Disillusionment, Cynicism, Fascism, Nazism

4.27. The World Between the Wars (3 hours)

• The League of Nations
• The Emergence of Fascism and Nazism
• The Boom of the 20s
• Hitler and the Militarization of Germany
• Japanese Growth and Imperialism
• The Growing German Threat
• The United States and Japan

4.28. World War II (3 hours)

• Imperialist Japan
• German Claims, Appeasement and German Mobilization
• Pearl Harbor and Early Japanese Advances
• The Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway
• Stalingrad
• The Siege of Leningrad
• The Invasion of Normandy
• Allied Advances in the Pacific
• Bombing Missions over Germany and Japan
• The Yalta Conference
• The Battle of Berlin and the Occupation of Germany
• Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Japanese Surrender

4.29. The Aftermath of World War II (2 hours)

• Europe in Ruins
• The Partitioning of Germany and Austria
• The Marshall Plan
• Border Revisions and Population Shifts
• The Jewish Holocaust
• The Cold War Begins
• The Creation of the United Nations
• The New World Order
• The Atomic Age
• The State of Science and Technology

4.30. Geopolitics and Economics from 1946 to 1960 (3 hours)

• European Reconstruction and Leaders
• International Monetary Fund and World Bank
• Israel, the Partition, and the Arab-Israeli War of 1948
• The Decline and Fall of Colonialism
• The Truman Doctrine, Containment, NATO, and the Warsaw Pact
• The Korean War
• The Communist Takeover in China
• The Atomic Race, Nuclear Testing and the “Red Scare”
• Nasser and the Closing of the Suez Canal
• The Hungarian Revolution of 1956
• The Founding of the European Common Market

4.31. Life and Technology from 1946 to 1960 (3 hour)

• The Power and Affluence of the United States

- The G.I. Bill and its Impact on the Economy
- The Baby Boom
- The Consumer Society and Suburban America

• Medical Advances
• The “Economic Miracle” in Germany and Italy
• Rock Music and Youth Culture
• Early Events in Racial Integration in the United States.

4.32. Geopolitics, Economics, Social Developments, and Technology in the 1960s (3 hours)

• The Berlin Wall
• The Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Kennedy Assassination
• The Origin and Escalation of the Vietnam War
• The Cultural Revolution in China
• The Arab-Israeli 6-Day War
• The Fall of Khrushchev and the Rise of Brezhnev
• The Civil Rights Movement and Black Power
• Johnson’s Great Society
• Drugs, the Counter Culture, and Student Protests
• May 1968 in France
• The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia
• Revolutionary Movements in Latin America

4.33. Geopolitics, Economics, Social Developments, and Technology in the 1970s (3 hours)

• The Contraceptive Pill and Its Impact on Social Dynamics
• Ex-Colonial Territories and Their Progress: Africa and Asia
• The End of the Vietnam War
• The Yom Kippur War and the Oil Shock of 1973
• The Oil Crisis
• The Economic Decline of the Soviet Model
• The Death of Mao and the Beginning of a New China
• The Iranian Revolution
• Munich 1972 and the Rise of Arab Terrorism
• Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge
• Japanese Economic and Commercial Growth
• Great Britain and the Rise of Margaret Thatcher

4.34. The History of Africa (2 hours)

• Prehistoric Cultures in North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Sub-Saharan Africa until 1880
• The Slave Trade
• Islamisation
• European Exploration and Conquest
• Decolonization
• The Cold War in Africa
• The Current Economic, Political, and Social Situation in Africa

4.35. The History of Latin America (2 hours)

• Pre-Columbian
• European Conquest
• Colonial Life and Economics
• Independence
• Politics and Government
• Economic Progress and Stagnation
• Current Situation and Outlook

4.36. The History of Mongolia, Central Asia, and the Asian Steppe (1 hour)

• The Importance of the Steppe
• The Mongol Race and History
• The Huns

4.37. The History of China and Japan (2 hours)

• The Chinese Dynasties
• China and European Colonialism
• The Modern Era and Communism
• Feudal Japan
• The Meiji Restoration
• Wars with China and Russia
• Imperialism and World War II
• Occupied Japan and Japan today

4.38. The History of the Indian Subcontinent (2 hours)

• The Indus Valley
• The Vedic Civilization
• Mahajanapadas
• Buddha and Buddhism
• Persian and Greek Invasions
• The Magadha Empire
• The Early Middle Kingdoms
• The Late Middle Kingdoms
• The Mughal Era
• The Colonial Era
• The Partition: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

4.39. The History of the Middle East (2 hours)

• The Ancient Middle East
• The Arab Middle East
• Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols
• The Ottoman Era
• European Domination
• Oil, Conflict, and the Present-Day Middle East

4.40. The History of Russia and Eastern Europe (2 hours)

• The Baltic Regions and Their History
• The Balkan Region and Its History
• The Evolution of Eastern European Regions and Countries
• The History of Russia

4.41. The History of Spain (7 hours)

• Pre-Roman Spain
• Roman Spain
• Visigoth Spain
• Spain Under Islam
• The Reconquest
• The Catholic Monarchs
• Spain Under the Habsburgs
• Spain in the 18th Century
• Spain During the Napoleonic Period
• Spain in the 19th Century
• The First Spanish Republic
• The Restoration and Events up to 1931
• The Second Spanish Republic
• The Spanish Civil War
• The Franco Dictatorship
• Tourism, Emigration, and the Economic Boom of the 1960s
• The Transition to Democracy
• Spain Since 1978

4.42. History and the Technology of Arms and War (2 hours)

• Examples of How Improvements in Weapons Have Changed History
• Examples of How Improvements in Military Strategy Have Changed History
• Has History Been Simply a Product of Military Improvements?
• Is Military Power Still Important in the 21st Century?

4.43. A Conceptual History of the World (4 hours)

• The Development of Agriculture
• The Development of Religion
• The Rise of Civilization

- The State
- City and Trade
- Religion and Philosophy

• Major Civilizations and Regions
• The Rise of Europe

- The Background for European Advance
- The Mercantile Dominance of Europe

• The Twentieth Century

- The Ascendance of Technology
- Globalization and Westernization

4.44. The Lessons of History (6 hours)

• History and the Earth
• Biology and History
• Race and History
• Character and History
• Morals and History
• Religion and History
• Economics and History
• Socialism and History
• Government and History
• History and War
• Growth and Decay
• Is Progress Real?

5. Geography for the Layman (10 hours)

• The Continents, Oceans, and Seas
• Mountain Ranges and Plains
• Great Rivers and Lakes
• Countries, Major Cities, and Demographical Statistics
• Europe
• Asia
• North America
• Central and South America, Caribbean
• Africa
• Australia, New Zealand, and Oceanía
• Comparative Population Statistics and Population Growth
• Natural Resources and Movement of Goods
• Geography Tests
• Countries and Cities
• Mountains, Lakes, and Rivers
• Demographics
• Major Natural Resources and Their Locations

6. Political Science (40 hours)

6.1. Political Philosophy (2 hours)

• State, Government, Politics, Liberty, Property, Rights, Law
• Political Economy: Property Rights, Regulation of Capital, Truth and Evidence

6.2. The Social Contract (3 hours)

• State of Nature and the Social Contract
• Violations of the Contract
• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

6.3. Forms of Rule (4 hours)

• Anarchism
• Aristocracy
• Autarchy
• Democracy
• Despotism
• Dictatorship
• Meritocracy
• Monarchy: Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy
• Oligarchy
• Patriarchy
• Plutocracy
• Technocracy
• Theocracy
• Tyranny

6.4. Forms of Government (3 hours)

• Presidential Republics
• Parliamentary Republics
• Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchies (the Monarch Exercises Little Power)
• Constitutional Monarchies (the Monarch Exercises Power)
• Absolute Monarchies
• Single-Party Status
• Military Dictatorships

6.5. Ideologies and Economic Systems that Adapt to Certain Forms of Government (3 hours)

• Classical Liberalism
• Social Democracy
• Neo-Liberalism
• Socialism
• Communism, Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism

6.6. Sovereignty (2 hours)

• The Moral Bases of Sovereignty
• Exclusivity of Jurisdiction
• The Peace of Westphalia in 1648: The Doctrine of Non-Interference
• Sovereignty and Federalism

6.7. Comparative Government (5 hours)

• The Executive Branch
• The Legislative Branch
• The Judicial Branch
• Bureaucracy

6.8. Government Legitimacy (2 hours)

• The Divine Right of Kings
• The Consent of the Governed
• Power and Coercion
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

6.9. Electoral Systems (2 hours)

• Open List vs. Closed List
• Constituencies
• Different Voting Methods

6.10. Political Parties and Representation (3 hours)

• Parties and the Political Spectrum
• Party Funding
• Internal Party Democracy, the Primary System

6.11. Lobbies, Pressure Groups, Interest Groups, and Public Opinion (1 hour)

6.12. The Left-Right Axis (1 hour)

• Equality of Outcome vs. Equality of Opportunity
• Redistribution of Wealth vs. Acceptance of Free Market Inequalities
• Government Intervention vs. Laissez-Faire
• Broad Lifestyle Choices vs. Traditional Values
• Secularism vs. Religious Morality

6.13. International Relations (2 hours)

• The Struggle for Power
• National Power and Limiting Factors
• Deterrence and Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
• International Morality and World Public Opinion (the Power of the Press)
• International Law and International Government
• Arms Control and Disarmament

6.14. Famous Political Thinkers (7 hours)

• Plato
• Aristotle
• St. Augustine
• St. Thomas Aquinas
• Niccoló Machiavelli
• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke
• Montesquieu
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Adam Smith
• Thomas Burke
• Thomas Paine
• Alexis de Tocqueville
• John Stuart Mill
• Karl Marx
• Vladimir Lenin
• John Dewey
• Benito Mussolini
• John Maynard Keynes
• Friedrich Hayek
• Milton Friedman

7. Psychology (40 hours)

7.1. Definitions (1 hour)

• Psychology
• Psychiatry
• Psychotherapy
• Psychoanalysis

7.2. Specialty Areas (10 hours)

• Clinical Psychology
• Counselling Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Social Psychology
• Applied Psychology (Industrial and Organizational)
• Evolutionary Psychology
• Cognitive Psychology

7.3. The Three Major Approaches to Psychology (10 hours)

• Psychoanalysis
• Behaviourism
• Humanism

7.4. The Biological Foundations of Behaviour (10 hours)

• The Nervous System
• Heredity vs. Environment (Nature-Nurture)
• The Developing Person
• Sensation and Perception
• States of Consciousness

7.5. Motivation, Emotion, Stress (3 hours)

• Motivation and Emotion
• Stress

7.6. Personality and Abnormality (3 hours)

• Personality
• Abnormal Psychology
• Therapy

7.7. Influential Psychologists (3 hours)

• Sigmund Freud
• Abraham Maslow
• B.F. Skinner
• Erich Fromm
• William James
• Carl Jung
• Alfred Adler

8. Sociology (40 hours)

8.1. The History and Definition of Sociology (1 hour)

• Early Proponents
• Definitions

8.2. The Suspension of Judgement (1 hour)

• Cultural relativism
• Ethnocentrism

8.3. Types of Human Societies (3 hours)

• Hunting and Gathering
• Horticultural
• Pastoral
• Agrarian
• Industrial
• Post-Industrial
• Ideal Types of Societies

8.4. Culture (3 hours)

• Characteristics of Culture
• Functions of Culture
• Cultural Relativism
• Ethical Absolutism
• Subcultures

8.5. Socialization (3 hours)

• Instincts
• Drives
• Deliberate Socialization and Unconscious Socialization
• Aims of Socialization

8.6. Social Norms (2 hours)

• Folkways, Mores, and Laws
• Indoctrination, Habituation, Desire for Approval

8.7. Status and Role (2 hours)

• Definitions
• Ideal Role and Actual Role
• Role Conflict
• Role Expectations
• Role Model

8.8. Social Groups (6 hours)

• Elements of a Sociological Group
• Types of Social Groups
• Reference Group
• Peer Group
• Bureaucracy
• Weber’s Characteristics of a Bureaucracy

8.9. Social Class (6 hours)

• Dimensions of Stratification: Power, Wealth, Prestige
• Social Mobility
• Social Status: Ascribed or Achieved
• Societies and Stratification Systems

- Caste System
- Mixed Society
- Open Class Society
- Class Struggle (Karl Marx)
- Power Elite
- Leisure Class
- Conspicuous Consumption

8.10. Human Population (6 hours)

• Demography
• Thomas Malthus on Population
• Checks on Population: Hunger, War, Disease
• Other Checks: Deferred Marriage, Celibacy
• Birth Rates and Death Rates

8.11. Race and Minority Relations (3 hours)

• Invasion, Competition, Conflict, Accommodation, Assimilation
• Stereotyping
• Segregation, Annihilation, Partition
• Paternalism
• Pluralism
• Prejudice and Discrimination

8.12. Social Institutions (4 hours)

• Family
• Religion
• Government
• Education
• Economics

Humanities and the Arts (355 hours)

1. Art (40 hours)

1.1. The Beginnings of Art (2 hours)

• Prehistoric Art
• Egyptian Art
• Western Asian Art: Mesopotamia
• Ancient Greek Art
• Ancient Roman Art

• Early Christian Art
• Byzantine Art
• Romanesque Art
• Islamic Art

1.3. Gothic Art (2 hours)

• Historical Context: the Church and Economic Growth
• Stylistic Features: Rich, Decorative Colouring
• Gothic Architecture
• Gothic Sculpture
• Gothic Painting, Stained Glass, Panel Painting
• Simone Martini
• Nicola Pisano

1.4. Renaissance Art (5 hours)

• Historical Context: Humanism and Reformation
• Italian Renaissance: 300 and 400
• Renaissance Architecture
• Renaissance Sculpture
• Renaissance Painting
• Giotto
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Michelangelo
• Raphael
• Brunelleschi

1.5. Mannerism (1 hour)

• Historical Context: Europe After the High Renaissance
• Stylistic Features: Elongated Forms, Exaggeration
• Rosso Florentino
• El Greco

1.6. Baroque (5 hours)

• Overview of the Historical Context
• Stylistic Features: Drama, Exuberance, Grandeur
• Baroque Architecture
• Baroque Sculpture
• Baroque Painting
• Caravaggio
• Rubens
• Velázquez
• Rembrandt

1.7. Rococo (2 hours)

• Historical Context: Enlightenment and Deductive Reason
• Style, Opulence, Grace and Playfulness
• Rococo Architecture
• Rococo Painting: Delicate Colours and Curving Forms
• Rococo Sculpture: Asymmetry
• Jean-Antoine Watteau
• Étienne Maurice Falconet

1.8. Neoclassicism (3 hours)

• Historical Context: The Age of Revolutions
• Neoclassical Architecture
• Neoclassical Painting
• Neoclassical Sculpture
• Neoclassicism and the Classics
• Jacques-Louis David
• Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

1.9. Romanticism (4 hours)

• Historical Context: Romantic Nationalism
• Romantic Painting
• Turner
• Delacroix
• Goya

1.10. Realism (3 hours)

• Historical Context
• Style: Description of the Ordinary
• Realist Painting
• Gustave Courbet
• Jean-François Millet
• Goya

1.11. Impressionism (4 hours)

• Overview of the Movement
• Style: Emphasis on Light
• Impressionist Painting
• Monet
• Renoir
• Degas

1.12. Post-Impressionism (3 hours)

• Overview of the Movement: Pointillism
• Style: Use of Colour, Form and Line
• Vincent Van Gogh
• Paul Gauguin
• Paul Cézanne

1.13. Modern Art Movements (3 hours)

• Art Nouveau: Klimt and Gaudí
• Expressionism: Kokoschka and Der Blaue Reiter
• Cubism
• Surrealism
• Pop Art: Warhol and Lichtenstein
• Fauvism: Matisse

2. Art History (10 hours)

2.1. Concepts (1 hour)

• Contextualism in Art History
• Formalism in Art History

2.2. Main Theories (3.5 hours)

• The Six Principles of Painting: Xie He
• Personal Life and its Projection on Art
• The Views of the Learned Beholder
• The Importance of the Historical Context
• Scientific Approach to Art
• Balance between Theory and Practice
• The Applications of Marxist Theories in Art

2.3. Main Art Historians (2 hours)

• Pliny the Elder
• Giorgio Vassari
• Winckelmann
• Wolffin
• Vienna School of Art History
• Meyer Schapiro

2.4. Interactive Seminar (3.5 hours)

• Presentations
• Application of Main Theories
• Great Cities in the World

3. Classical Western Civilization (44 hours)

3.1. Ancient Greece and the Historical Context (2 hours)

• The Minoan Civilization
• The Mycenaean Civilization
• The Dark Ages in Greece
• Classical Greece
• Alexander the Great
• The Roman Conquest of Greece
• The Byzantine Empire

3.2. Ancient Greek Society (2 hours)

• The Importance of Religion
• The Importance of Myths
• The Olympic Games

3.3. Myths (3 hours)

• Demeter and Persephone
• The Creation of Man by Prometheus
• Hercules’ 12 Great Labours
• Daedalus and Icarus
• Orpheus
• King Oedipus
• Antigone

3.4. Greek Writers (5 hours)

• Hesiod
• Homer
• Sappho
• Aeschylus
• Euripides
• Sophocles
• Aristophanes

3.5. Greek Masterpieces (10 hours)

• The Iliad
• Odyssey
• Seven Against Thebes
• Oedipus
• Antigone
• Lysistrata

3.6. Ancient Rome (2 hours)

• The Origins of Rome
• The Roman Kingdom
• The Roman Republic
• The Roman Empire

3.7. Roman Society (2 hours)

• Social Divisions: Plebeians and Patricians
• Roman Law
• The Importance of Religion and Rituals
• The Importance of Games

3.8. Roman Mythology (2 hours)

• Gods and Goddesses
• The Importance of Myths in Public Life

3.9. Roman Writers (8 hours)

• Ennius
• Terence
• Virgil
• Horace
• Ovid
• Cicero
• Pliny the Elder
• Seneca
• Livy

3.10. Roman Masterpieces (8 hours)

• The Aeneid
• Metamorphoses
• On the Nature of Things
• Memoirs by Julius Caesar
• Speeches by Cicero

4. Essay Writing (10 hours)

4.1. Purpose (1 hour)

• The Importance of Essay Writing
• Writing: Skill for School and Business

4.2. Choosing a Topic (1 hour)

• Defining a Subject Matter
• Comparing and Contrasting
• Analysis
• Explaining a Subject Matter

4.3. The Thesis and Antithesis (2 hours)

• Presenting the Thesis Statement
• Presenting the Antithesis Statement
• Brainstorming
• Arguments Backing up the Thesis
• Arguments Backing up the Antithesis
• Getting the Main Points Down
• Summary

4.4. Research and Presentation (2 hours)

• Tricks on How to Research
• Source Reliability
• Spelling and Punctuation
• Bibliography
• The Layout

4.5. Practice Classes (4 hours)

• Practising Essay Writing
• Business Letters
• Practising Business Letters

5. Folklore (10 hours)

5.1. Concepts (1 hour)

• Conceptual Overview of Folk and Lore
• Expressive Culture and its Importance

5.2. Folklore Genres (9 hours)

• Tales: Their Importance in Expressive Culture
• Music: Tradition and Cultural Identity
• Legends, Oral History, Proverbs
• Popular Beliefs, Superstition and Cultural Identity
• Seminar: Examples of Each Genre, Culture Identity

6. Literature (97 hours)

6.1. English Literature (15 hours)

• Medieval Literature (2 hours)

- Overview of the Movement
- Historical Context
- Lyrics and Plays
- Beowulf
- Geoffrey Chaucer and the Tales of Canterbury

• English Renaissance (3 hours)

- Overview of the Movement
- Historical Context
- Poetry and Drama
- Edmund Spencer
- Christopher Marlowe
- William Shakespeare
- James Shirley

• Augustan Literature (2 hours)

- Historical Context: Mercantilism, Capitalism and Trade
- Development of the Novel and Satire
- Daniel Defoe and Robinson Crusoe
- Laurence Sterne
- Samuel Richardson
- Jonathan Swift

• 19th Century Romantics and After (8 hours)

- The Influence of the French Revolution on Literature
- Characteristics of English Romanticism
- William Wordsworth
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- John Keats
- Walter Scott
- Jane Austen
- Lord Byron
- Charles Dickens
- The Brontë Sisters
- Percy Bysshe Shelley
- Thomas Hardy
- Oscar Wilde
- George Bernard Shaw
- G.K. Chesterton

6.2. Spanish Literature (11 hours)

• The Beginnings of Spanish Literature (1 hour)

- The Poem of Cid
- The Spanish Renaissance and its Importance
- Juan de Mena
- López de Mendoza
- Fernando de Rojas
- Most Successful Masterpieces

• The Baroque in Spanish Literature (2 hours)

- Main Characteristics of the Movement
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Lope de Vega
- Francisco de Quevedo
- Calderón de la Barca
- Most Successful Masterpieces

• The Enlightenment in Spanish Literature (1 hour)

- Main Characteristics of the Movement
- Padre Feijóo
- José Cadalso
- Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
- Most Popular Masterpieces

• Romanticism in Spanish Literature (1 hour)

- Main Characteristics of the Movement
- Overview of the Historical Context
- José de Espronceda
- Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

• Realist Spanish Literature (2 hours)

- Main Characteristics of the Movement
- Overview of the Historical Context
- Benito Pérez Galdós
- Leopoldo Alas “Clarín”
- Menéndez y Pelayo
- Most Popular Masterpieces

• Generation of 98 and its Characteristics (2 hours)

- Overview of Characteristics of the Movement
- Miguel de Unamuno
- Ramón María del Valle-Inclán
- Pío Baroja
- Antonio Machado
- Ramiro de Maeztu
- Most Successful Masterpieces

• Generation of 27 and Generation of 14 (2 hours)

- Overview of both Movements
- Federico García Lorca
- Vicente Aleixandre
- Jorge Guillén
- Rafael Alberti
- José Ortega y Gasset
- Gregorio Marañón
- Ramón Pérez de Ayala

6.3. American Literature (17 hours)

• Democratic Origins: Revolutionary Writers (3 hours)

- Benjamin Franklin
- Thomas Paine
- Alexander Hamilton and James Madison: The Federalist Papers
- Masterpieces

• The Romantic Period (5 hours)

- James Fenimore Cooper
- Washington Irving
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Henry David Thoreau
- Walt Whitman
- Herman Melville
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Emily Dickinson
- Masterpieces

• Realist Literature (4 hours)

- Mark Twain
- Henry James
- Jack London
- Edith Wharton
- Masterpieces

• Modern Literature (5 hours)

- T. S. Eliot
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Ernest Hemingway
- William Faulkner

6.4. French Literature (13 hours)

• French Medieval Literature
• La Chanson de Roland
• Tristan and Iseult
• 16th Century French Literature
• Jean de La Fontaine
• Molière
• 18th Century French Literature
• Voltaire
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Denis Diderot
• 19th Century French Literature
• Stendhal
• Honoré de Balzac
• Victor Hugo
• Gustave Flaubert
• Jules Verne
• Émile Zola
• Guy de Maupassant
• Marcel Proust
• Albert Camus

6.5. Italian Literature (10 hours)

• 14th Century Italian Literature
• Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio
• Renaissance in Italian Literature
• Niccolò Machiavelli and Baldassare Castiglione
• 19th Century Italian Literature
• Alessandro Manzoni
• Giacomo Leopardi
• Luigi Pirandello
• Alberto Moravia
• Italo Calvino
• Umberto Eco
• Giuseppe di Lampedusa

6.6. Russian Literature (8 hours)

• The Westernization of Russia
• Peter and Catherine the Great
• Literature before the 19th Century
• Golden Age and Romanticism
• Aleksander Pushkin
• Nikolai Gogol
• Mikhail Lermontov
• Dostoevsky
• Tolstoi
• Chekhov
• Silver Age in Russian Literature
• Aleksander Solzhenitsyn

6.7. German Literature (7 hours)

• 19th Century Germany
• Johann W. Goethe
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Thomas Mann
• Hermann Hesse
• Stefan Zweig
• Bertolt Brecht
• Erich Maria Remarque
• Franz Kafka
• Günter Grass
• Most Popular Masterpieces

6.8. Latin American Literature (8 hours)

• The Literary Boom of the 20th Century
• Jorge Luis Borges
• Alejo Carpentier
• Pablo Neruda
• Octavio Paz
• Julio Cortázar
• Gabriel García Márquez
• Carlos Fuentes
• Mario Vargas Llosa
• Isabel Allende
• Masterpieces

6.9. Arabic Literature (4 hours)

• The Qur'an and its Influence on Arabic Culture
• Thousand and One Nights
• Sufi Poetry
• Persian Literature
• Omar Khayyám
• Saadi
• Hafiz
• Gibran Khalil Gibran
• Naguib Mahfouz
• Sheik Nefzaoui

6.10. Chinese Literature (4 hours)

• The Tang Dynasty
• The Song Dynasty
• The Ming Dynasty
• The Qing Dynasty
• Romance of Three Kingdoms
• Water Margin
• Journey to the West
• Dream of the Red Chamber

7. Music (41 hours)

7.1. Concepts and Form (2 hours)

• Harmony
• Notation: Rhythm, Pitch
• Sonata, Rondo, Variation Form
• Concerto Form
• Counterpoint, Fugue, Canon
• Opera
• Symphony, Symphonic Poem, Overture
• Sacred Music: Mass, Requiem, Cantata
• Fantasie & Improvisation

7.2. Listening to Classical Masterpieces (2 hours)

• Vivaldi’s Four Seasons: Autumn
• Bach: Brandenburg Concerto V
• W. A. Mozart: Eine Kleine Nacht Music
• Beethoven: Eroica Symphony
• F. Chopin: Nocturne in E flat
• G. Mahler: Symphony No.9
• S. Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto I and II
• I. Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring

7.3. Medieval Classical Music (1 hour)

• Gregorian Chant
• The Troubadours
• Guillaume de Machaut
• Notre Dame School: Léonin & Pérotin

7.4. Renaissance Classical Music (3 hours)

• Polyphony
• Guillaume Dufay
• J. Ockeghem, J. des Prez
• W. Byrd, Tallis, Gibbons
• G. Palestrina
• Claudio Monteverdi

7.5. Baroque Music (7 hours)

• Historical Context
• Performance Practice
• Dance Forms, Suite
• Concerto Grosso, Trio Sonata
• Baroque Opera
• Italian School: Vivaldi, Corelli, Scarlatti
• German School: J.S. Bach, Handel, Telemann
• French School: Rameau, Couperin, Leclair
• Continuo: Harpischord & Bass

7.6. Classical Period (5 hours)

• Historical Context
• String Quartet, Symphony, Concerto
• C.P.E. Bach, J.C. Bach
• Gluck
• Haydn
• W. A. Mozart

7.7. Romantic Music (7 hours)

• Historical Context
• The Rise of the Virtuoso
• Beethoven
• Franz Schubert
• Schumann
• Berlioz
• Chopin
• Italian Opera: Rossini, Verdi, Puccini
• Wagner & ‘Gesamtkunstwerk’
• Program Music vs. Absolute Music
• Liszt
• Brahms
• The Russian Romantics
• Bruckner
• Late Romantic Symphony: Mahler vs. Sibelius
• Nationalism

7.8. Impressionist Music (2 hours)

• Historical Context
• Characteristics of the Movement
• Claude Debussy
• Maurice Ravel
• Most Popular Masterpieces

7.9. 20th Century (4 hours)

• Historical Context: Crisis
• Eric Satie & Les Six
• 2nd Viennese School: Schoenberg, Webern, Berg
• Bartók, Richard Strauss
• Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich
• Pierre Boulez vs. John Cage ‘Music of Chance’
• American Minimalism: Reich, Glass, Adams

7.10. Other Genres (8 hours)

• Advances in Music Technology
• Blues
• Jazz
• Rock and Roll
• Electronic Music

8. Mythology (10 hours)

8.1. Concepts (1 hour)

• Mythology
• Folklore
• Religion

8.2. World Mythology (4 hours)

• The Myths of Egypt
• The Myths of Greece and Rome
• The Myths of Norse and Celts
• The Myths of Asia
• The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

8.3. Popular Myths (5 hours)

• The Hydra and the Golden Fleece
• Helen of Troy
• The Seven Kings of Rome
• The Foundation of Rome
• The Aesir and the Nibenlungenlied
• The Chinese Dragon
• The Tiger Girl
• The Creation of the World in Greek Mythology
• The Epics of Gilgamesh
• Cupid and Psyche
• Prometheus and Pandora
• The Arthurian Legend

9. Philosophy (63 hours)

9.1. Conceptual Overview (3 hours)

• The Importance of Studying Religion
• Philosophy and Science
• Philosophy of Art
• Philosophy of Religion
• Philosophy of Politics

9.2. Traditional Subfields (9 hours)

• Epistemology
• Ethics
• Logic
• Metaphysics

9.3. Main Philosophical Doctrines (18 hours)

• Realism
• Nominalism
• Rationalism
• Empiricism
• Skepticism
• Idealism
• Pragmatism
• Instrumentalism
• Phenomenology
• Existentialism
• Analytical Philosophy
• Utilitarianism

9.4. Influential Philosophers (20 hours)

• Anaximander
• Pythagoras
• Xenophanes
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
• Seneca
• St. Thomas Aquinas
• Niccolò Machiavelli
• Thomas More
• Martin Luther
• Descartes
• George Berkeley
• Spinoza
• John Locke
• David Hume
• Voltaire
• Dennis Diderot
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Adam Smith
• Immanuel Kant
• Jeremy Bentham
• Friedrich Hegel
• Schopenhauer
• John Stuart Mill
• Soren Kierkegaard
• Karl Marx
• William James
• Nietzsche
• Emile Durkheim
• Sigmund Freud
• Max Weber
• Edmund Husserl
• Carl Jung
• Jean-Paul Sartre
• John Dewey
• George Santayana
• José Ortega y Gasset

9.5. Special Subfields (8 hours)

• Philosophy of Mind
• Philosophy of Religion
• Philosophy of Science

9.6. General Applications of Philosophy (5 hours)

• Problem Solving
• Communication Skills
• Persuasive Skills
• Writing Skills, Oral Expression

10. Religious Studies (20 hours)

10.1. Abrahamic Religions (11 hours)

• Christianity: Western and Eastern Christianity
• Islam: Beliefs, Pillars of Islam, Islamic Law
• Judaism: Beliefs, Jewish Philosophy, Religious Texts

10.2. Dharmic Religions (6 hours)

• Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices, Religious Texts
• Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices, Religious Texts
• Sikhism: Beliefs and Practices, Religious Texts
• Jainism: Beliefs and Practices, Religious Texts

10.3. Taoic Religions (3 hours)

• Taoism: Fundamentals, Deities and Philosophical Doctrine
• Confucianism: Fundamentals, Confucian Thought
• Shinto: Fundamentals, Practices and Teachings

11. Theatre (10 hours)

• Theatre and the Performing Arts
• Genres of Theatre
• Parts of a Play
• Stagecraft
• Theatre Production
• The Most Important Plays in the World
• Most Influential Playwrights

Journalism and Mass Communications (40 hours)

1. Journalism (6 hours)

1.1. Reporting (2 hours)

• Print Journalism
• Broadcast Journalism

1.2. Types of Journalism (3 hours)

• Feature Journalism
• Sports Journalism
• Science Journalism
• Investigative Journalism
• Celebrity Journalism
• Gonzo Journalism
• The Concept of 6 Ws and the Inverted Pyramid

1.3. Legal Aspects (1 hour)

• The Rights of Journalists and the Rights of Private Citizens
• Confidentiality of Sources
• Rights of Access to Government Information
• Press Freedom

2. Advertising (6 hours)

2.1. Key Concepts (1 hour)

• Marketing and Advertising
• Product, Price and Promotion
• Branding

2.2. Types of Advertising (4 hours)

• Media
• Covert Advertising
• Television Commercials
• New Advertising Approaches

2.3. Other points (1 hour)

• Public Perception of the Medium
• Negative Effects of Advertising
• Advertising Regulation

3. Film Studies (6 hours)

3.1. History of Film (2 hours)

• The Silent Era
• Developments in Technique and Form
• The Rise of Hollywood
• The Sound Era
• New Special Effects and Independent Films

3.2. Filmmaking (2 hours)

• Development
• Pre-Production
• Production
• Post-Production
• Distribution

3.3. Seminar (2 hours)

• The Classics
• Remarkable Producers and Directors

4. Public Relations (2 hours)

• Conceptual Overview
• PR Precursors, PR Practitioners, Spin Doctors
• PR Techniques
• SWOT Analysis
• Lobbying and Advocacy

5. Public Speaking (20 hours)

• The Importance of Expressing Oneself
• Body Language
• Tricks on Overcoming Nerves
• Preparing Presentations
• Language in Use
• Business Meetings
• Video Conference Calls
• Interviews and Group Dynamics
• Negotiation Language
• Student Presentations

Military Science (14 hours)

1. Generalship (2 hours)

• Naval Forces, Land Forces and Air Forces
• The Functions of a General
• Great Generals in the World

2. Leadership (2 hours)

• Functional Leadership vs. Conceptual Leadership
• What makes “Effective Leadership”?
• Specific Theories of Leadership
• Great Leaders in the World

3. Logistics (2 hours)

• Conceptual Overview of Military Logistics
• Design, Development, Acquisition, Storage, Distribution, Maintenance of Material
• Movement, Evacuation, and Hospitalization of Personnel
• Logistics Matters and the Outcome of Wars

4. Military Science (6 hours)

• Prehistoric Warfare
• Ancient Warfare
• Medieval Warfare
• Gunpowder Warfare
• Industrial Warfare
• Modern Warfare and Technological Evolution
• Battle Space
• Types of Weapons

5. Strategy and Tactics (2 hours)

5.1. Strategy (1 hour)

• Carl von Clausewitz and the Definition of Military Strategy
• Grand Strategy and Diplomacy
• Principles of Military Strategy
• Strategy and Post-War Peace
• Genghis Khan and Napoleonic Strategy

5.2. Tactics (1 hour)

• Encirclement
• Overwhelming Forces
• Hit and Run Tactics
• Suppressive Fire
• Suicide Attack
• Principles of Battle
• Tactical Aphorism

Business Studies (50 hours)

1. Finance (10 hours)

• Conceptual Overview
• Personal Finance
• Corporate Finance
• Public Finance
• Financial Markets
• Market Participants
• Banks and Banking

2. Accounting (10 hours)

• Conceptual Overview
• Types of Accounting
• Auditing
• Accounting Principles
• Accounting Standards and Standards Setting Bodies

3. Marketing (10 hours)

• Product, Price, Promotion, Placement, Service and Retail
• The Four Ps, The Seven Ps and the Eight Ps
• Marketing Research
• Marketing Management
• Strategic Marketing and Operational Marketing
• Customer Focused Marketing
• Product Focused Marketing

4. Management and Strategy (20 hours)

4.1. Management (12 hours)

• Planning, Organizing, Leading, Coordinating and Controlling
• Human Resource Management
• Strategic Management
• Marketing Management
• Financial Management

4.2. Strategy (8 hours)

• Strategy Formulation
• Strategy Implementation
• General Approaches to Strategy
• Strategy Hierarchy